CBI
-
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the premier investigating police agency in India.
-
It functions under the superintendence of the Deptt. of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India – which falls under the prime minister’s office.
-
However for investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, its superintendence vests with the Central Vigilance Commission.
-
It is also the nodal police agency in India which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries.
NGT
-
It is a specialised body set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010) for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
-
With the establishment of the NGT, India became the third country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, only after Australia and New Zealand, and the first developing country to do so.
-
NGT is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing the same.
UNSC
-
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security.
-
Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states.
Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019
-
It introduced economic reservation by amending Articles 15 and 16. It inserted Article 15 (6) and Article 16 (6) in the Constitution to allow reservation for the economically backward in the unreserved category.
-
It was enacted to promote the welfare of the poor not covered by the 50% reservation policy for SCs, STs and Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC).
-
It enables both Centre and the states to provide reservation to the EWSs of society.
-
Since this is a central law on subjects (employment, education) in the concurrent list (subjects on which states and the central government both have jurisdiction), the state governments need to ratify it before adopting it locally.
NHRC
-
NHRC of India is an independent statutory body established on 12 October, 1993 as per provisions of Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, later amended in 2006.
-
NHRC celebrated its Silver Jubilee (25 years) on October 12, 2018. Its headquarter is located in New Delhi.
-
It is the watchdog of human rights in the country, i.e. the rights related to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by Indian Constitution or embodied in the international covenants and enforceable by courts in India.
-
It was established in conformity with the Paris Principles, adopted for the promotion and protection of human rights in Paris (October, 1991) and endorsed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 December, 1993.
NCW
-
The National Commission for Women was set up in 1992 under the National Commission Act, 1990.
-
This body was established to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
-
It recommends the remedial legislative measures, facilitates redressal of grievances and advises the government on all policy matters affecting women.
-
It enjoys all the powers of a civil court.
SEBI
-
SEBI is a statutory body established on April 12, 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
-
The basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India is to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote and regulate the securities market.
-
Before SEBI came into existence, Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947.
GI Tag
-
GI status is an indication that identifies goods as produced from a particular area, which has special quality or reputation attributable to its geographical origin.
-
GI-branded goods possess a recall value amongst consumers who essentially attribute these characteristics, qualities or reputation to such geographical origin.
-
GI tag in India is governed by Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999. It is issued by the Geographical Indications Registry (Chennai).